The Double Skin Facade in the general sense is that the air can flow between its shells, but what kind of differences between the material and the type of first and second shell should be, that they can coexist in some way. And an integrated set called double skin facade.
First skin of double skin facade: The first shell can be any type of wall, but what’s called as the first shell in Iran, is generally a glass pane, with either a single window in the wall or a Curtain Wall window.
Second skin: In the second shell’s construction, should use light materials such as metals of minimum thickness not to reduce their strength and resilience against the pressures, because second shell’s weight will eventually be imposed on the building’s structure.
How to Run the Second Shell:
The Double Skin Facade is a kind of view that can provide a variety of performance functions in the building’s performance systems, while providing a wide variety of visual variations in terms of transparency or rigid appearance.
The Double Skin Facade of a construction system consists of two shells placed on the outermost part of the building, allowing air to flow through the middle hole of the two shells. Cavity ventilation can be natural, using a fan or mechanical. Apart from the type of ventilation in the cavity, the source and destination of the air circulation, and the overall air conditioning strategy of the HVAC building, it can be determined depending on the climatic conditions, type of use, the local conditions of the project and the hours of operation of the building.
Glass shells can be single-wall, two or three-wall, and the distance between these shells can be from 20 cm to 2 meters. Often, shading sunlight equipment is placed inside the cavity between the facade skin to provide additional protection, allow heat to escape and during the cooling periods of the building.
Double Skin Facade History
Double skin façade’s first concept was discovered and tested by the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier in the early 20th century; an idea that he called the wall defective.
This idea involves installing a heating / cooling pump between the large glass layers of the system, first used by Le Corbusier in a villa in Switzerland (Employer: La Chausse of Switzerland, 1916), and then in a large number of projects, including participants In the 1927 National Contest (Moscow Central Building, 1928-1933)
The study of American engineers on double-skin facade ventilation systems in 1930 signaled Le Corbusier that his proposed system employed more energy and had high costs for convection air circulation systems. But Harvey Brian later proved that if mechanical pumps were used instead of solar heating devices, Le Corbusier theory would be more useful and efficient.
Another prototype was the double skin facade of the Alfred Lewis House Project, built in 1937 by William Lescazy’s architect at Tuxido Park in New York. This house included a rising animated double skin facade, that the distance from the second shell of a building was about 60 cm, in which the circulation of the air was flowing, which made it possible to provide the best conditions for dampness and comfort inside the house.
One of the modern examples of the double skin facade was the West American Chemical Building in New York which designed by the Club Group, in which the building was actually a glass cube with a distance of about 120 cm from the main body of the building to deal with winter’s cold.
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